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John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker, having performed for nearly 60 years. He is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles, including satirical comedy, romance and dark portrayals of excitable and psychopathic characters. In many of his films he played the "eternal outsider, the sardonic drifter", and someone who rebels against the social structure.〔 Nicholson's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice, one for the drama ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' (1975) and the other for the romantic comedy ''As Good as It Gets'' (1997). He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama ''Terms of Endearment'' (1983). Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards. Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s; the other is Michael Caine. He has won six Golden Globe Awards, and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award. Other films in which he has starred include the road movie ''Easy Rider'' (1969), the drama ''Five Easy Pieces'' (1970), the comedy-drama film ''The Last Detail'' (1973), the neo-noir mystery film ''Chinatown'' (1974), the drama ''The Passenger'' (1975), and the epic film ''Reds'' (1981). He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick's horror film ''The Shining'' (1980), the Joker in ''Batman'' (1989), and Frank Costello in the Martin Scorsese's neo-noir crime drama ''The Departed'' (2006). Other films include the legal drama ''A Few Good Men'' (1992), the Sean Penn-directed mystery film ''The Pledge'' (2001), and the comedy-drama ''About Schmidt'' (2002). ==Early life== Nicholson was born on April 22, 1937 in Neptune City, New Jersey,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biography.com/people/jack-nicholson-9423081 )〕 the son of a showgirl, June Frances Nicholson (November 5, 1918 – July 31, 1963) (stage name June Nilson). Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, and Pennsylvania Dutch (German) descent. She married Italian American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) in 1936, not knowing that he was already married. 〔Berliner, Eve. (Marriage certificate of June Nilson and Donald Furcillo ). ''Young Jack Nicholson: Auspicious Beginnings''. Evesmag.com. 2001.〕 As June was only 17 years old, unmarried and uncertain of the father's identity when Nicholson was born, her parents agreed to raise Nicholson as their own child without revealing his true parentage, and June would act as his sister.〔(Jack Nicholson Biography ), ''Biography.com''〕 In 1974, ''Time'' magazine researchers learned, and informed Nicholson, that his "sister," June, was actually his mother, and his other "sister," Lorraine, was really his aunt.〔Collins, Nancy. (''The Great Seducer: Jack Nicholson'' ). ''Rolling Stone''e, March 29, 1984〕 By this time, both his mother and grandmother had died (in 1963 and 1970, respectively). On finding out, Nicholson said it was "a pretty dramatic event, but it wasn't what I'd call traumatizing...I was pretty well psychologically formed."〔 Nicholson grew up in Neptune City, New Jersey.〔 He was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic religion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Religious Affiliation of Jack Nicholson )〕 Before starting high school, his family moved to an apartment in Spring Lake, New Jersey.〔 "When Jack was ready for high school, the family moved once more-this time two miles (3 km) farther south to old-money Spring Lake, Jersey's so called Irish Riviera, where Ethel May set up her beauty parlor in a rambling duplex at 505 Mercer Avenue."〔Nicholson, Jack. ("No Getting Away From NJ: Hollywood legend Jack Nicholson attempts to elucidate the definitive quality of New Jersey" ), ''New Jersey Monthly'', November 15, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2011. "I grew up on the Shore...in Neptune, Neptune City, Manasquan, and Spring Lake. Graduated from Manasquan (School ). No offense to Atlantic City, but, where we grew up, we called it 'The Shore.'"〕 "Nick", as he was known to his high school friends, attended nearby Manasquan High School, where he was voted "class clown" by the Class of 1954. He was in detention every day for a whole school year.〔 A theatre and a drama award at the school are named in his honor. In 2004, Nicholson attended his 50-year high school reunion accompanied by his aunt Lorraine.〔 He served a tour of duty in the Air National Guard. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Nicholson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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